Ternyata Ini Alasan Mobil Diesel Jauh Lebih Irit dari Mobil Bensin!

Perdebatan soal efisiensi antara mobil diesel dan mobil bensin sudah berlangsung lama. Keduanya menggunakan jenis bahan bakar minyak (BBM) yang berbeda, dan perbedaan ini berpengaruh langsung terhadap tenaga serta efisiensi mesin yang dihasilkan.

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Secara umum, setiap jenis BBM memiliki kandungan energi (energy density) berbeda, yang menentukan seberapa besar tenaga bisa dihasilkan dalam proses pembakaran. Selain itu, konstruksi mesin juga menjadi faktor penting yang membedakan karakter keduanya.

Menurut Imun, seorang ahli otomotif sekaligus pemilik bengkel spesialis mobil diesel di Klaten, mobil diesel umumnya lebih irit dibandingkan mobil bensin. “Mesin diesel punya rasio kompresi lebih tinggi dan langkah piston yang lebih panjang. Itu sebabnya mesin diesel bisa menghasilkan torsi besar meskipun pada putaran rendah,” jelasnya.

Namun, ia menegaskan bahwa konsumsi bahan bakar tidak bisa dilihat dari satu sisi saja. Faktor seperti muatan kendaraan, kondisi jalan, teknologi mesin, kapasitas silinder, dan gaya berkendara turut memengaruhi efisiensi BBM. Dalam kondisi tertentu, mobil diesel bahkan bisa lebih boros jika dibandingkan dengan mobil bensin.

Dari sisi energi, bahan bakar solar memiliki nilai energi lebih tinggi dibandingkan bensin. Berdasarkan data teknis, bensin murni menghasilkan energi sekitar 40 megajoule per kilogram (MJ/kg), sedangkan solar murni mencapai 43 MJ/kg. Angka ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pembakaran sempurna, mesin diesel dapat menempuh jarak lebih jauh menggunakan jumlah bahan bakar yang sama.

“Semakin tinggi kandungan energi, semakin besar daya yang bisa dihasilkan dari setiap tetes bahan bakar,” jelas seorang pakar teknik mesin dari universitas ternama di Bandung. Ia juga menambahkan bahwa pada jenis solar campuran seperti B40, yang terdiri dari 60 persen solar murni dan 40 persen biodiesel, nilai energinya sekitar 40,6 MJ/kg — masih sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan bensin murni.

Berikut gambaran umum kandungan energi bahan bakar per kilogram:

  • Biodiesel: 37 MJ/kg
  • B40 (campuran solar dan biodiesel): sekitar 40,6 MJ/kg
  • Bensin murni: 40 MJ/kg
  • Solar murni: 43 MJ/kg

Dengan perbandingan tersebut, tidak heran jika mobil diesel cenderung lebih hemat konsumsi BBM. Selain karena kandungan energi solar yang lebih tinggi, desain dan teknologi mesin diesel juga dirancang untuk bekerja secara efisien dengan torsi besar di putaran rendah.

Kesimpulannya, mobil diesel tetap menjadi pilihan menarik bagi mereka yang mengutamakan efisiensi bahan bakar dan tenaga besar, terutama untuk perjalanan jauh atau kendaraan dengan beban berat. Namun, bagi pengguna yang lebih mementingkan kehalusan mesin dan akselerasi ringan, mobil bensin masih memiliki keunggulannya sendiri.

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