Air di Termos Berbintik dan Berkilat, Apakah Aman Diminum? Penjelasan dari Guru Besar UNS

Sebuah video di Instagram menampilkan air minum yang tampak mengandung bintik-bintik berkilau setelah dituangkan dari termos. Pengunggah video menduga partikel tersebut berasal dari lapisan atau komponen logam termos yang terkelupas. “Selalu cek air dari termos. Lapisan kaca bagian dalamnya terkelupas, akhirnya air tercampur partikel,” tulis akun @abd**********, Minggu (2/11/2026).

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Fenomena ini memunculkan pertanyaan: apakah komponen termos benar-benar bisa terkelupas dan mencemari air minum?

Serpihan dari lapisan termos

Menurut Prof. Prabang Setyono, Guru Besar Ilmu Pencemaran Lingkungan Universitas Sebelas Maret, serpihan dalam air minum biasanya berasal dari lapisan pelapis atau korosi pada stainless steel. “Jika lapisan pelindung rusak, partikel logam seperti besi (Fe), nikel (Ni), atau kromium (Cr) bisa larut ke dalam air. Fenomena ini disebut degradasi material,” jelasnya.

Potensi kontaminasi muncul dari dua sumber:

  1. Lepasnya lapisan coating, biasanya berbasis aluminium atau resin sintetis.
  2. Korosi stainless steel, terutama pada tipe SS201 atau SS304, yang dapat melepaskan unsur Fe, Ni, dan Cr ke dalam air.

Berdasarkan penelitian, korosi stainless steel dapat melepaskan logam ke air panas dengan rentang konsentrasi:

  • Fe: 0,03–1 mg/L
  • Ni: 0,005–0,3 mg/L
  • Cr: 0,002–0,1 mg/L

Sementara itu, batas aman logam dalam air minum menurut WHO cukup ketat: nikel maksimal 70 mikrogram/L dan kromium 50 mikrogram/L. Pada termos berkualitas rendah, pelepasan logam bisa melebihi batas tersebut.

Risiko kesehatan

Paparan kecil umumnya berisiko rendah, tetapi konsumsi berulang dan dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan gangguan saluran cerna, reaksi alergi nikel, toksisitas ginjal, iritasi gastrointestinal, hingga efek dari partikel non-logam pada lapisan coating.

Faktor penyebab kerusakan termos

Termos dapat mengalami kerusakan lebih cepat jika:

  • Sering terisi air panas berulang.
  • Menyimpan minuman asam (jeruk, infused water, kopi).
  • Dibersihkan dengan cara abrasif yang merusak lapisan kromium pasif.
  • Terbuat dari stainless steel kualitas rendah (SS201).

Rekomendasi penggunaan

Prof. Prabang menyarankan masyarakat:

  • Perhatikan adanya serpihan, perubahan rasa, atau warna air.
  • Gunakan termos stainless steel food-grade tipe SS304 atau SS316.
  • Hindari menyimpan minuman asam terlalu lama.
  • Hentikan penggunaan jika bagian termos berkarat, menghitam, atau mengelupas.
  • Ganti termos secara berkala, terutama untuk produk berkualitas rendah.

Dengan memperhatikan hal-hal tersebut, masyarakat tetap bisa menggunakan termos dengan aman dan mengurangi risiko kontaminasi logam pada air minum.

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