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“살·혈당 둘 다 줄었다”… 전문가들도 놀란 ‘식전 습관’의 정체

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국내 성인 사망 원인 중 하나로 꼽히는 심장 질환이 여전히 주요 건강 위협 요인으로 나타났다. 통계청이 발표한 자료에 따르면, 20세 이상 성인 사망 원인 중 심장 질환은 암에 이어 두 번째로 높은 비중을 차지했다. 세계보건기구(WHO) 또한 “전 세계 사망자의 약 3분의 1이 심혈관 질환과 관련되어 있다”며 “흡연을 피하고, 설탕·소금·지방 섭취를 줄이는 식습관 개선만으로도 상당 부분 예방이 가능하다”고 강조했다.

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■ ‘심장 건강 인증 식품’으로 주목받는 아몬드

미국심장협회(AHA)는 소비자가 건강한 식품을 쉽게 선택할 수 있도록 일정 기준을 충족한 제품에 ‘Heart-Check(심장 건강 인증)’ 마크를 부여한다. 이 인증은 ▲총 지방 및 포화지방 함량 ▲트랜스지방·콜레스테롤·나트륨 수치 ▲비타민, 단백질, 식이섬유 등 영양소 함량 등을 종합적으로 평가해 기준을 만족해야만 부여된다.

심사 대상은 생선, 식물성 오일, 견과류, 과일, 채소 등이며, 견과류 중에서는 아몬드·피스타치오·호두·마카다미아 등 일부만 심사를 신청할 수 있다. 단, 시즈닝이나 당류 코팅 등 가공이 이뤄진 제품은 인증 대상에서 제외된다. 실제로 현지 마트에서는 ‘무가공 아몬드’ 제품에만 Heart-Check 마크가 부착되어 있다.

■ 한국인에게도 익숙한 ‘건강한 간식’

국내에는 아직 이와 같은 인증 제도가 없지만, 심장 건강을 위한 식단은 충분히 실천할 수 있다. 식용유는 올리브 오일이나 옥수수유 등 식물성 기름을 선택하고, 붉은 육류 대신 닭고기나 생선을 섭취하는 것이 좋다. 간식으로는 과자 대신 아몬드, 피칸, 피스타치오 등 견과류를 추천한다.

국내 한 대학 연구팀이 성인 남녀 600명을 대상으로 진행한 조사에 따르면, 견과류 중 아몬드의 선호도가 가장 높았다. 아몬드는 바쁜 일상 속에서도 간편하게 섭취할 수 있는 대표적인 Heart-Check 식품으로 꼽힌다.

영양 전문가들에 따르면 아몬드 하루 권장 섭취량은 약 23알(28g)로, 이를 통해 ▲비타민E ▲칼슘 ▲단일불포화지방 ▲식이섬유 ▲단백질 ▲마그네슘 등 다양한 영양소를 고르게 섭취할 수 있다. 특히 불포화지방산과 식이섬유가 풍부해 혈당 조절과 콜레스테롤 개선에 도움을 준다.

■ 연구로 입증된 아몬드의 다양한 효능

다수의 해외 연구에서 아몬드가 심혈관 질환 예방에 효과적이라는 결과가 보고됐다. 당뇨 전단계의 성인을 대상으로 하루 세 끼 식전마다 아몬드 20g을 섭취하게 한 실험에서는 허리둘레와 체질량지수(BMI)가 감소하고, 혈당 지표가 개선되는 변화가 관찰됐다. 또 12주 동안 아몬드를 꾸준히 섭취한 사람들은 콜레스테롤 수치가 유의미하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다.

아몬드는 심장 건강뿐 아니라 피부·근육·장 건강에도 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 비타민E가 풍부해 피부 노화를 늦추고, 운동 후 근육통 완화에도 도움이 된다. 또한 풍부한 식이섬유가 장내 유익균의 활동을 돕는다.

영양 전문가들은 “아몬드는 간식으로 먹기 쉽고, 단백질과 미네랄이 균형 있게 들어 있어 현대인의 건강 관리에 적합하다”며 “심장 건강을 지키는 동시에 피부와 체중 관리에도 도움을 줄 수 있는 대표적인 슈퍼푸드”라고 조언했다.

결국 건강한 심장은 식습관에서 시작된다. 아몬드 한 줌으로도 일상 속 작은 습관이 심혈관 질환 예방의 출발점이 될 수 있다.

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